FreeBSD 6 Unleashed [With DVD]

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Introduction......Page 36
Part I: Introduction to FreeBSD......Page 42
  Why Use FreeBSD?......Page 44
  What Can You Do with FreeBSD?......Page 45
  FreeBSD: It's Not Just for Servers Anymore......Page 46
  A Brief History of FreeBSD and UNIX......Page 47
  The Design Philosophy of UNIX......Page 50
  How FreeBSD Compares to Other Operating Systems......Page 52
  "Beastie," the FreeBSD Mascot......Page 56
 2 Installing FreeBSD......Page 58
  Checking Your Hardware......Page 59
  Creating Installation Floppies......Page 60
  Booting into the Install Program......Page 62
  Navigating the Sysinstall Program......Page 63
  Creating Partitions and Assigning Mount Points......Page 64
  Selecting a Canned Distribution Set......Page 77
  Choosing the Installation Media......Page 78
  Post-installation Configuration and Customization......Page 80
  Exiting the Sysinstall Program and Rebooting the System......Page 91
  Booting FreeBSD for the First Time......Page 92
  Setting Up the X Window System (X11)......Page 93
  Shutting Down FreeBSD......Page 101
 3 Advanced Installation Tasks......Page 102
  Backing Up an Existing Windows or Linux Filesystem......Page 103
  Nondestructive Hard Disk Partitioning with FIPS......Page 104
  Working with FIPS......Page 106
  Potential Problems with and Limitations of Dual-Boot Systems......Page 108
  The FreeBSD Boot Manager......Page 110
  Alternative Installation Methods......Page 111
Part II: FreeBSD on the Desktop......Page 118
  The FreeBSD Startup Process......Page 120
  Logging In to FreeBSD......Page 128
  Shutting Down the FreeBSD System......Page 130
  Introduction to X11......Page 134
  The X Server......Page 135
  Window Managers......Page 136
  KDE and GNOME......Page 137
  Working with Window Managers......Page 149
  The Window Maker Window Manager......Page 151
 6 Working with Applications......Page 160
  Running GUI and CLI Applications......Page 161
  Working with Text......Page 163
  Office Applications......Page 175
  Creating and Editing Images with GIMP......Page 178
  Audio Applications......Page 179
  Networking Applications......Page 185
  Working with Java Applications......Page 196
  Configuring X11 with the xorgconfig Script......Page 198
  Understanding the xorg.conf File......Page 215
  Testing the X11 Setup......Page 226
  Your Personal .xinitrc File......Page 227
  Working with Fonts......Page 232
  Using Remote X11 Clients......Page 234
  Using the XDM Graphical Login Manager......Page 237
Part III: FreeBSD on the Command Line......Page 240
  Introducing the Shell......Page 242
  Choosing a Shell for FreeBSD......Page 244
  Changing Your Shell......Page 247
  Getting Help in the Shell......Page 248
  Basic Shell File Manipulation......Page 251
  Text-Related Commands......Page 265
  Pipes and Input/Output Redirection......Page 271
  Command Completion and History Editing......Page 273
  Adding Shells to the System and Making Them Available......Page 276
  Using Alternative Shells......Page 279
  Shell Initialization Files......Page 283
  Customizing Your Shell Environment......Page 288
  Shell and Environment Variables......Page 292
 10 Shell Programming......Page 296
  Why Shell Programming Matters to You......Page 297
  A Simple Shell Program......Page 299
  Variables......Page 303
  Interacting with the User......Page 304
  Arithmetic in Shell Programs......Page 308
  Loops......Page 310
  Conditional Statements......Page 318
  Exit Status......Page 325
  Filehandles......Page 330
  Debugging Shell Scripts......Page 332
  Advanced Features of Korn Shell Scripting......Page 334
 11 Introduction to Perl Programming......Page 342
  Perl in FreeBSD......Page 343
  Fundamentals of Perl Scripting......Page 345
  A Simple Perl Script......Page 354
  Advanced Perl Techniques......Page 355
  Useful Perl Resources......Page 365
Part IV: System Administration......Page 368
 12 The FreeBSD Filesystem......Page 370
  The FreeBSD Directory Structure......Page 371
  Monitoring Filesystem Usage......Page 374
  Mounting and Unmounting FreeBSD Filesystems......Page 377
  Mounting and Unmounting Filesystems from Other Operating Systems......Page 380
  Mounting and Unmounting CD-ROM and Floppy-Based Filesystems......Page 384
  Understanding the /etc/fstab File......Page 386
  Checking and Repairing Filesystems with fsck......Page 388
  Setting and Enforcing Disk Usage Quotas......Page 393
  Blocks, Files, and Inodes......Page 395
 13 Users, Groups, and Permissions......Page 398
  Introduction to Users and Groups......Page 400
  Why Use Groups?......Page 403
  File Ownership......Page 404
  File and Directory Permissions......Page 406
  Access Control Lists (ACLs)......Page 411
  Adding and Removing Users......Page 417
  User Management Using NIS......Page 424
 14 System Configuration and Startup Scripts......Page 428
  Understanding the FreeBSD Startup Process......Page 429
  Resource Configuration Scripts......Page 433
  The inetd Daemon and the inetd.conf Configuration File......Page 442
  The System Logger (syslogd) and the syslog.conf File......Page 444
  Notes on the /etc/rc.local File......Page 445
 15 Performance Monitoring, Process Control, and Job Automation......Page 448
  Performance Monitoring with top......Page 449
  Process Monitoring with ps......Page 453
  Terminating Misbehaving Processes......Page 454
  Making Processes "Nice"......Page 457
  Automating Processes with the cron Scheduler Daemon......Page 458
  Creating Jobs to Run One Scheduled Time with the at Command......Page 461
  Controlling Access to the cron and at Commands......Page 462
  Using the Periodic Task Scheduler......Page 463
 16 Installing Additional Software......Page 466
  Introduction to Packages......Page 467
  Installing Packages......Page 473
  Removing and Updating Packages......Page 477
  Introduction to Ports......Page 478
  Installing and Removing Ports......Page 483
  Updating and Maintaining Your Ports......Page 484
  Upgrading a Port......Page 489
  Fresh Ports......Page 491
 17 Printing......Page 494
  How lpd, the Print Spooler, and the Print Queue Function in FreeBSD......Page 495
  Kernel, Device, and Communications Mode Configuration......Page 496
  Setting Up Text and Conversion Filters......Page 499
  Configuring /etc/printcap to Control Print System Functions......Page 505
  Basic Command-Line Printing......Page 507
  Printing from X11 Applications......Page 509
  Using the lpq Command to Check the Status of Print Jobs......Page 512
  Removing Jobs from the Queue with the lprm Command......Page 513
  Controlling Printers......Page 514
  Next-Generation Printing with CUPS......Page 521
  Troubleshooting......Page 523
  The Role of the Kernel......Page 528
  Kernel Modules......Page 530
  Why Configure a Custom Kernel?......Page 532
  The Kernel Configuration Files......Page 535
  Creating a Custom Kernel Configuration File......Page 541
  Adding Device Nodes to the /dev Directory......Page 542
  Recovering When Something Goes Wrong......Page 543
 19 Keeping Up to Date with FreeBSD......Page 546
  Tracking the FreeBSD Sources......Page 547
  Upgrading with make world......Page 553
  Things to Consider Before Choosing a make world Upgrade......Page 554
  Pre–make world Tasks......Page 556
  Rebuilding Your System from Sources......Page 563
  Using mergemaster to Check for Changed Configuration Files......Page 570
  Rebooting After the Upgrade......Page 572
  IDE/ATA Access Modes......Page 574
  SCSI Disks......Page 577
  Understanding Hard Disk Geometry......Page 578
  Partitioning a Hard Disk......Page 582
  Creating the Disk Labels......Page 585
  Enhancing Disk Performance Using RAID and Vinum......Page 589
 21 FreeBSD Survival Guide......Page 596
  Migrating to FreeBSD......Page 597
  Do's and Don'ts (Common Gotchas)......Page 608
  Performance Tuning......Page 611
  Preparing for the Worst: Backups and Mirrors......Page 616
Part V: FreeBSD Networking......Page 624
  Introduction to Networking......Page 626
  Network Topologies......Page 628
  Network Components......Page 631
  Wireless Routers......Page 638
  Network Protocols......Page 639
  IP Addresses......Page 641
  Routing......Page 647
  Hostnames and Domain Names......Page 651
  The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Automatic IP Addressing......Page 652
  Configuring the Network Card......Page 654
  Configuring Network Settings with Sysinstall......Page 656
  Configuring Network Settings Without Sysinstall......Page 660
  Creating IP Aliases......Page 667
  Testing Network Connectivity with ping......Page 668
  Configuring DNS with the /etc/resolv.conf File......Page 669
  A Look at Other Network Configuration Files......Page 670
  Dialing Up with PPP......Page 672
  PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)......Page 681
  Troubleshooting PPP......Page 682
  Connecting to a Wireless (802.11) Network......Page 683
 25 Configuring Email Services......Page 688
  Introduction to SMTP......Page 689
  Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs) and Mail User Agents (MUAs)......Page 691
  Configuring Basic Email Services with Sendmail......Page 694
  Understanding Relaying......Page 704
  Introduction to POP3......Page 707
  Configuring a POP3 Server with Qpopper......Page 708
  Configuring an IMAP Server with IMAP-UW......Page 713
  Email for Standalone Workstations......Page 715
  Filtering Junk Mail with Procmail and SpamAssassin......Page 720
  A Look at Some Sendmail Replacements......Page 726
 26 Configuring a Web Server......Page 728
  Introduction to the HTTP Protocol......Page 729
  Obtaining and Installing Apache......Page 733
  Apache File Layout......Page 734
  Configuring Apache......Page 735
  Starting and Stopping the HTTP Daemon......Page 739
  Basic Access Control with Apache......Page 741
  Virtual Hosting......Page 746
  Introduction to Apache Modules......Page 749
  Server-Side Includes......Page 752
  Introduction to CGI......Page 755
 27 Configuring an FTP Server......Page 762
  Introduction to the File Transfer Protocol......Page 763
  File Layouts of Authenticated and Anonymous FTP......Page 766
  Configuring the FTP Server......Page 767
  Controlling FTP Access......Page 769
  Allowing Anonymous FTP Access......Page 771
  Virtual Hosting......Page 772
  Using Alternative FTP Servers......Page 773
  The Basics of Routers and Network Address Translation (NAT)......Page 776
  Configuring a NAT Gateway in FreeBSD......Page 780
  Enabling NAT for Systems Without Static IP Addresses......Page 782
  Configuring Clients to Use the New Gateway......Page 785
  Configuring a Wireless Internet Access Point......Page 788
  Routing Between Three or More Networks......Page 789
  Dynamic Routing......Page 791
 29 Configuring a Database Server......Page 794
  Introduction to Database Design and Administration......Page 795
  SQL: Structured Query Language......Page 796
  Using the MySQL and PostgreSQL Open-Source Databases......Page 800
  Constructing a Database System......Page 805
  Writing Administration Scripts......Page 813
  Connecting a Database to the Web......Page 817
  Using PHP to Provide Database-Driven Content to Web Pages......Page 823
  Optimizing Database Performance......Page 827
  Performing Database System Backups......Page 831
  Choosing a Security Model Based on Your Security Risks......Page 834
  Security Models......Page 835
  The Security Risks You Face......Page 836
  Password Policies......Page 837
  Avoiding Problems with Clear-Text Services......Page 845
  Securing Terminal Traffic (SSH)......Page 848
  Securing Email Services (POP3 and IMAP)......Page 849
  Securing FTP......Page 851
  Securing Apache......Page 852
  System Security Profiles and Kernel Security (Securelevels)......Page 856
  Using a Firewall......Page 858
  Preventing Intrusions and Compromises......Page 864
  Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks......Page 874
  Physical Security......Page 877
  Other Security Resources......Page 878
 31 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)......Page 880
  What Is a VPN?......Page 881
  VPN Topologies......Page 883
  VPN Services in FreeBSD: IPSec......Page 885
  FreeBSD as a VPN Server......Page 894
 32 The Domain Name Server......Page 896
  Introduction to DNS Structure, Functions, and Software......Page 897
  Enabling the Name Server Daemon......Page 899
  Running BIND in a Sandbox......Page 900
  Working with the BIND Configuration File (named.conf)......Page 901
  Creating a Zone File......Page 908
  Configuring a Caching Name Server......Page 915
  Introduction to NFS......Page 918
  Configuring an NFS Server......Page 921
  Configuring an NFS Client......Page 924
  Auto-Mount Daemon (amd)......Page 927
 34 File and Print Sharing with Microsoft Windows......Page 930
  SMB/CIFS and Samba......Page 931
  Installing and Configuring Samba......Page 933
  Other Samba Components......Page 943
  Accessing Shared Files on a Windows System (the smbfs Filesystem)......Page 944
  How DHCP Works......Page 946
  The dhclient Program......Page 949
  Running a DHCP Server......Page 951
Part VI: Appendixes......Page 954
  Command Options......Page 956
  File- and Directory-Manipulation Commands......Page 957
  User and Permissions Management Commands......Page 958
  Common Shell Commands......Page 959
  System Utilities and Maintenance-Related Commands......Page 960
  Software Installation and Removal Commands......Page 961
  Common Configuration Files......Page 962
  System Requirements......Page 964
  Supported Hardware......Page 965
  Video Cards Supported by X11......Page 974
  Installation Problems......Page 980
  Boot Problems and Other Non-installation Problems......Page 982
  FreeBSD-Specific Resources......Page 986
  Other Internet Resources......Page 991
Index......Page 994
 A......Page 995
 B......Page 999
 C......Page 1002
 D......Page 1008
 E......Page 1014
 F......Page 1016
 G......Page 1021
 H......Page 1022
 I......Page 1024
 J-K......Page 1028
 L......Page 1029
 M......Page 1031
 N......Page 1036
 O......Page 1039
 P......Page 1040
 R......Page 1047
 S......Page 1050
 T......Page 1061
 U......Page 1063
 V......Page 1066
 W......Page 1067
 X......Page 1069
 Z......Page 1072